Pythagoras →Simone de Beauvoir

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Pythagoras

c. 570 a.C. – c. 495 a.C.

Pythagoras of Samos founded one of the most influential intellectual and religious movements in the ancient world. He established a community in Croton (southern Italy) devoted to mathematical and philosophical inquiry intertwined …

Antico

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Plato

c. 428 a.C. – c. 348 a.C.

Plato of Athens is, together with his teacher Socrates and his student Aristotle, one of the three foundational figures of Western philosophy. He founded the Academy — the first institution of higher …

Read next Apology 395 BCE Crito 395 BCE

Medievale

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Augustine of Hippo

354 – 430

Augustine of Hippo is the most influential philosopher-theologian in Western Christian history and one of the most important thinkers of late antiquity. His Confessions — the first great autobiography in Western literature …

Read next On Free Choice of the Will (De Libero Arbitrio) 395 Confessions (Confessiones) 400

Rinascimento

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Martin Luther

1483 – 1546

Martin Luther was a German Augustinian friar, theologian, and reformer whose challenge to the Roman Catholic Church's authority ignited the Protestant Reformation and permanently transformed the religious, political, and intellectual landscape of …

Read next Ninety-Five Theses 1517 On the Freedom of a Christian 1520

Moderno

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Søren Kierkegaard

1813 – 1855

Søren Kierkegaard was a Danish philosopher, theologian, and literary figure who is widely regarded as the founder of existentialism. Writing under a kaleidoscope of pseudonyms, Kierkegaard explored the subjective dimensions of human …

Read next Either/Or 1843 Fear and Trembling 1843

Contemporaneo

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Jean-Paul Sartre

1905 – 1980

Jean-Paul Sartre was a French philosopher, playwright, novelist, and political activist who was the leading figure of existentialism and one of the most prominent intellectuals of the 20th century. His thesis that …

Read next Nausea 1938 Being and Nothingness 1943

Destination Contemporaneo

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Simone de Beauvoir

1908 – 1986

Simone de Beauvoir was a French existentialist philosopher, writer, and feminist whose masterwork The Second Sex is one of the most important philosophical analyses of gender ever written. Her argument that 'one …

Read The Ethics of Ambiguity 1947 The Second Sex 1949